Surface geology is the study of the Earth's outermost layer, including the rocks, minerals, and sediments that make up the surface of the planet. This field of study involves the examination of various geological features such as mountains, valleys, rivers, and coastlines, as well as the processes that shape and change the Earth's surface over time, such as erosion, weathering, and tectonic activity. Surface geology also plays a crucial role in understanding natural hazards such as landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions, as well as in the exploration and extraction of natural resources such as oil, gas, and minerals. Researchers in this field use a variety of techniques and tools, including field observations, remote sensing, and geological mapping, to study and interpret the Earth's surface and its history.